The Perfect Guest According to Emily Post

Last week I gave a review of Emily Post’s 1922 book Etiquette: in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home. In that, I shared a number of quotations. However, there was one passage that was too long to include with the review. I really like this passage and so thought it merited a blog article of its own. It describes how Emily Post believed ‘the perfect guest’ should behave. I find it aspirational because it is the type of lady I want to become and the character I seek to cultivate. She is warm, caring, selfless, charming, creative, ready to be playful but also dignified, above all motivated by love and so loved in response. As we grow towards becoming better women, I think the world would be a better place if we tried to include some of these characteristics.

‘The perfect guest not only tries to wear becoming clothes but tries to put on an equally becoming mental attitude. No one is ever asked out very much who is in the habit of telling people all the misfortunes and ailments she has experienced or witnessed, though the perfect guest listens with apparent sympathy to every one else’s. Another attribute of the perfect guest is never to keep people waiting. She is always ready for anything—or nothing. If a plan is made to picnic, she likes picnics above everything and proves her liking by enthusiastically making the sandwiches or the salad dressing or whatever she thinks she makes best. If, on the other hand, no one seems to want to do anything, the perfect guest has always a book she is absorbed in, or a piece of sewing she is engrossed with, or else beyond everything she would love to sit in an easy chair and do nothing.

She never for one moment thinks of herself, but of the other people she is thrown with. She is a person of sympathy always, and instantaneous discernment. She is good tempered no matter what happens, and makes the most of everything as it comes. At games she is a good loser, and a quiet winner. She has a pleasant word, an amusing story, and agreeable comment for most occasions, but she is neither gushing nor fulsome. She has merely acquired a habit, born of many years of arduous practise, of turning everything that looks like a dark cloud as quickly as possible for the glimmer of a silver lining.

She is as sympathetic to children as to older people; she cuts out wonderful paper dolls and soldier hats, always leisurely and easily as though it cost neither time nor effort. She knows a hundred stories or games, every baby and every dog goes to her on sight, not because she has any especial talent, except that one she has cultivated, the talent of interest in everyone and everything except herself. Few people know that there is such a talent or that it can be cultivated.

She has more than mere beauty; she has infinite charm, and she is so well born that she is charming to everyone. Her manner to a duke who happens to be staying in the house is not a bit more courteous than her manner to the kitchen-maid whom she chances to meet in the kitchen gardens whither she has gone with the children to see the new kittens; as though new kittens were the apex of all delectability!

She always calls the servants by name; always says “How do you do” when she arrives, “Good morning” while there, and “Good-by” when she leaves. And do they presume because of her “familiarity” when she remembers to ask after the parlor-maid’s mother and the butler’s baby? They wait on her as they wait on no one else who comes to the house—neither the Senator nor the Governor, nor his Grace of Overthere!

This ideal guest is an equally ideal hostess; the principle of both is the same. A ready smile, a quick sympathy, a happy outlook, consideration for others, tenderness toward everything that is young or helpless, and forgetfulness of self, which is not far from the ideal of womankind.’

Emily Post, Etiquette: in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home (1922)

Book Review: The Ladies’ Book of Etiquette & Manual of Politeness

‘Politeness is goodness of heart put into daily practice.’

Florence Hartley

The Ladies’ Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness. A Complete Hand Book for the Use of the Lady in Polite Society was written by Florence Hartley, an American lady of the mid-Victorian period. It was first published in Boston in 1860, and is now freely available online to the public. An equivalent book of etiquette for gentlemen was published in the same year by a Cecil B Hartley, who I suppose to have been some male relation of Florence Hartley. Besides etiquette, Florence Hartley also wrote on needlework and was an advocate for women’s health. Her books received favourable reviews during her own time, but little is known about her life.

Since it is Victorian, some parts of Florence Hartley’s book are naturally dated – for instance the constant requirement for an escort or chaperone, the suspicion of servants, the formality of bowing in greeting, and the abundance of socialising hours available to the Victorian lady of leisure. Despite this, there’s much advice that is still relevant today. The underlying principles of good manners are universal, carrying across into all cultural contexts, even though the specific behaviour of etiquette manifests differently. Florence Hartley’s discussion of ‘true Christian politeness’ for ladies explores a range of topics including: conversation, dress, travelling, hospitality, visiting, letter writing, deportment, conduct in church, social events, accomplishments, servants, engagements, and weddings.

I appreciate quirky old books, and so personally find the historic material as interesting as the etiquette still applicable today. For Florence Hartley, etiquette seems to be most exemplified in hospitality and therefore this is a large focus in the book, with information for both hostess and guest. She included a considerable chapter on accomplishments, where in addition to the usual accomplishments she promotes conversational skills, horse riding, and gives detailed instructions on needlework. Besides working on such accomplishments, ladies were advised to walk four or five miles a day, and the visiting hours of Victorian society tended to be between 11am and 3pm. Since The Ladies’ Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness is no longer under copyright restrictions, I have taken advantage of that by sharing a liberal selection of quotations below, along with a link to the free audiobook.

On Politeness & Etiquette

‘To be truly polite, remember, you must be polite at all times and under all circumstances.’

Florence Hartley

‘True politeness will be found – its basis in the human heart – the same in all these varied scenes and situations, but the outward forms of etiquette will vary everywhere. Even in the same scene, time will alter every form and render the exquisite polish of last year, obsolete rudeness next year.’

Florence Hartley

‘If you neglect these little details at home, and in private, they will be performed awkwardly and with an air of restraint when you are in company. By making them habitual, they will become natural and appear easily, and sit gracefully upon you.’

Florence Hartley

On Conversation

‘To be able to converse really well, you must read much. Treasure in your memory the pearls of what you read. You must have a quick comprehension. Observe passing events and listen attentively whenever there is any opportunity of acquiring knowledge.’

Florence Hartley

‘You may unintentionally start a subject which annoys or troubles the friend with whom you may be conversing; in that case do not stop abruptly when you perceive that it causes pain, and above all do not make the matter worse by apologising. Turn to another subject as soon as possible and pay no attention to the agitation your unfortunate remark may have excited.’

Florence Hartley

‘One good rule can be always followed by young ladies: to converse with a lady friend as if there were gentlemen present, and to converse with a gentleman as if in the room with other ladies.’

Florence Hartley

On Invitations & Hospitality

‘The severest test of good breeding in a lady is in the position of hostess.’

Florence Hartley

‘As a first rule, with regards to paying a visit, the best one is never to accept a general invitation. Instances are very common where women – I cannot say ladies – have upon a slight acquaintance and a “when you are in C, I should be very happy to have you visit me,” actually gone to C from their own home and, with bag and baggage, quartered themselves upon the hospitality of their newly made friend for weeks at a time. Even where there is a long-standing friendship, it is not well to visit uninvited.’

Florence Hartley

‘Your enjoyment of a party depends far less on what you find there than on what you carry with you… If you go to C, and to here, and to make the best of whatever occurs, with a disposition to admire all that is beautiful and to sympathise in the pleasures of others, you can hardly fail to spend the time pleasantly. The less you think of yourself and your claims to attention the better. If you are much attended to, receive it modestly and consider it as a happy accident. If you are little noticed, use your leisure in observing others.’

Florence Hartley

On Gracious Dignity

‘Leave him to think that the ladies in America [or whatever country you are from] are well-bred, however much he may dislike some little national peculiarity.’

Florence Hartley

‘If you receive an impertinent letter, treat it with contempt. Do not answer it.’

Florence Hartley

On Accomplishments

‘Take the young lady, after a solid basis has been laid in her mind of the more important branches of education, and rear upon that basis the structure of lighter education: the accomplishments. To cultivate these, disregarding the more solid information, is to build your castle without any solid foundation and is not only absurd, but unsteady.’

Florence Hartley

‘First upon the list of accomplishments comes the art of conversing well. It is always ready. Circumstances in society will constantly throw you into positions where you can use no other accomplishment.’

Florence Hartley

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Chapter timestamps:
Introduction – 00:00:30
Chapter 1: Conversation – 00:08:00
Chapter 2: Dress – 00:28:20
Chapter 3: Travelling – 00:58:40
Chapter 4: How to Behave at a Hotel – 01:10:17
Chapter 5: Evening Parties, Etiquette for the Hostess – 01:17:58
Chapter 6: Evening Parties, Etiquette for the Guest – 01:37:50
Chapter 7: Visiting, Etiquette for the Hostess – 01:48:19
Chapter 8: Visiting, Etiquette for the Guest – 02:00:30
Chapter 9: Morning Receptions or Calls, Etiquette for the Hostess – 02:21:06
Chapter 10: Morning Receptions or Calls, Etiquette for the Guest – 02:30:57
Chapter 11: Dinner Company, Etiquette for the Hostess – 02:44:38
Chapter 12: Dinner Company, Etiquette for the Guest – 03:06:05
Chapter 13: Table Etiquette – 03:23:32
Chapter 14: Conduct in the Street – 03:31:23
Chapter 15: Letter Writing – 03:46:35
Chapter 16: Polite Deportment and Good Habits – 04:44:00
Chapter 17: Conduct in Church – 05:13:10
Chapter 18: Ballroom Etiquette, For the Hostess – 05:20:25
Chapter 19: Ballroom Etiquette, For the Guest – 05:35:54
Chapter 20: Places of Amusement – 05:47:57
Chapter 21, Part 1: Accomplishments – 05:59:45
Chapter 21, Part 2: Accomplishments – 06:49:03
Chapter 21, Part 3: Accomplishments – 07:28:38
Chapter 22: Servants – 08:07:47
Chapter 23: On a Young Lady’s Conduct When Contemplating Marriage – 08:35:50
Chapter 24: Bridal Etiquette – 09:14:49
Chapter 25: Hints on Health – 09:23:40
Chapter 26: Miscellaneous – 10:11:53

Femininity Needs to Celebrate Life

Femininity at its best is a warm, creative, nurturing energy that seeks to help life flourish. As we grow towards becoming more feminine, we want to radiate joy and express an inner peace founded on wisdom that has become almost intuitive, we dwell in it so much. I think that as we practice habits that help us become better people and more feminine women, we should find ourselves gradually beginning to flow more from a place of love in our everyday lives. At the core of femininity is perhaps a love of life itself in all its beautiful diversity and a love for all the living. It’s because we recognise the inherent value of creation that we strive to help it thrive.

Nurturing, nourishing, creating, beautifying, guiding, and sharing wisdom are all life-giving acts. We each express our femininity in individual ways – some women may be more whimsical artists or gentle souls, whilst others may be bold campaigners or encouraging leaders. All of these are life-giving. In a flourishing garden there is much variety and beauty. It is only where things are dead that everything is the same, or in a blank monoculture that doesn’t support other forms of life. I think one key to maintaining and motivating our femininity is to revel in, be awed by, and celebrate life. Celebrations draw communities, families, friends, and relationships together. They unite people and provide an opportunity to nurture one another, as well as giving a means to express creativity and grow traditions that can point to a greater wisdom.

Femininity needs to celebrate life because celebration fosters appreciation for creativity, community, and the gift of living. One form of celebration is music. I find that music can be helpful for tuning into an energy and mode of being, so below I’ve shared several songs that I feel tap into different parts of femininity. You may have other pieces of music that express femininity to you, yet I hope these might form a source of inspiration. Know that you are loved and so can live from that place of love. God bless!

Keys to Healthy Femininity

In my last blog article, we established that there is far more to femininity that just pink and sparkles. (Fun though those may be!) True femininity is a challenge that we can grow into over time. It’s also a joy that we can delight in. If you’re reading this, it’s likely that you want to become more feminine. Welcome! The first step is to define what femininity means for you. All women express it through the lens of their own personality, so it may look slightly different for you than for another women. I think there are a few foundation qualities however that are shared in healthy femininity.

Since I’m Christian, I personally look to the Bible to learn God’s intention for women. By cultivating healthy femininity and continually seeking to become a better person, I can bring glory to God. At least, that’s the aim – I’m still on this journey alongside you! I believe the most important part of femininity is internal. It should change our hearts, not just our external appearances. I’ve been contemplating femininity whilst reading the Bible and listening to other people’s ideas for some time now. Although I personally consider femininity through the lens of my Christian values, I would love to hear what your perspective is. Here below are three key aspects of healthy femininity!

Nurture Others

‘And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.’

Genesis 2:18

God called woman to be ‘an help meet’. As I’ve previously described when writing about Eve, the original Hebrew term for help meet has no connotations at all of being merely a subservient assistant. The phrase rather refers to a strong rescuer who provides vital help, and who is the perfect match to harmoniously partner with the man. God designed all women to be help meets as an innate part of our character. This means we are made strong with great power to help others – not just our husband but all people. God made all things good (before sin messed it up) yet even then He declared that women could make things better! One way we can live into our femininity is by taking on that role of being a strong helper and striving to make things better for our family, friends, community, and all people we encounter. We have the powerful gift of being able to nurture and encourage people to become who God designed them to be. We can also nurture our homes, our environments, and ourselves to bring about flourishing and goodness.

Create Life

‘And Adam called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.’

Genesis 3:20

Another significant title given to woman right at the beginning of the Bible is ‘the mother of all living’. This quality was recognised in Eve by her husband Adam after a revelation from God to them both. At surface level this refers to women’s significance in giving birth to all the people alive. However, the interesting point is that this title was conferred before Eve had even had any children. Being the mother of all living is, then, as much a metaphorical and spiritual role as it is a biological one. God is the ultimate source of life and the creator of all. To express our femininity we are called to contribute to God’s good world by continuing His creative project. We are to create whatever is positive and life-giving. This might mean creating children, families, homes, communities, and relationships. It also means creating things of beauty, works of art, or utilising whatever gifts we have. Besides the final created object, the act of creativity itself with the love and joy that goes into it adds to the glory of God.

Choose Wisely

‘And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat.’

Genesis 3:6

Nurturing and creativity are all very good, but we need to be grounded in something deeper. In the story of Genesis, Eve was deceived because she ‘desired to make one wise’. She had this innate desire for wisdom even before sin entered the world. Wisdom is good and we are told elsewhere in the Bible that only fools despise wisdom (Proverbs 1:7). The problem was that Eve wasn’t very wise about how she gained knowledge. Instead of trusting God and learning wisdom from Him, she made the fatal decision to be deceived into disobeying the one thing God had asked of her. All of us are going to come up against difficult situations in our lives. As women, we are sometimes perceived as more vulnerable and are therefore at greater risk from the bad people in this world. It is essential therefore in developing mature femininity that we learn how to make good judgements. We need to know when to listen to our intuition, but also be aware that our feelings can deceive us. Wisdom is important for living our lives well, as well as for living in relationships and community well. Let us learn from the Lord.

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The Undervaluing of Femininity

‘Why do women want to dress like men when they’re fortunate enough to be women? Why lose femininity, which is one of our greatest charms?’

Tasha Tudor

When I was at school there were several girls who declared that they hated the colour pink. Even at the time, that slightly disturbed me. Not because of any preference of colour itself, but because of the underlying reason. Those girls didn’t hate pink for being pink. They had decided to hate it for what it represented: femininity. And in particular, the negative connotations they had been taught were associated with femininity. Personally I love pink, but it has no innate relation with femininity. Pink and blue have only been marketed as gendered colours since the early twentieth century. Even then, it wasn’t until the 1950s that it was commonly agreed which colour was associated with which gender. The problem has nothing to do with colour, rather it’s about a stark misunderstanding of femininity. Why is femininity so undervalued that even young girls have been taught to hate it?

Mature Femininity

Femininity has been reduced down to little more than frilly pink princess dresses and make-up. It’s true meaning has become so confused that it’s seen as infantile, weak, and therefore inferior. There’s nothing wrong with little girls enjoying girly things, but mature femininity is so much more than that. It’s something for women step into, something that holds immense value, and that deserves to be prized. There is nothing weak or infantile about a woman’s ability to be a mother; likewise, there is nothing weak or infantile about true femininity. Mature femininity is found in the harmonious balance of strong gentleness, with each quality modifying and elevating the other. I think part of the problem is that our society seems to have either forgotten or ignored this.

Strong Gentleness

All too often, understandings of femininity are reduced down to a kind of helpless, passive, damsel-in-distress gentleness. To use the example of motherhood again: gentleness is essential for nurturing the next generation, but mothers also need to be incredibly strong. Mature femininity is displayed in a woman’s ability to protect, set safe boundaries, stand up for and stand up to her children. A feminine lady knows her God-given worth and doesn’t need to prove herself. Because of this, she is able to gratefully accept help when she needs it – because we all need help sometimes – but she is wise enough not to fall into a victim mentality of waiting for a prince to save her.

Femininity & Feminism

The Feminist Movement has done many great things in addressing the historical undervaluing of women. We owe where we are today and the opportunities available to the women who came before us. However, like any movement, it’s not without its flaws. Much of the time Feminism has raised women’s value by encouraging them to become more masculine. It’s great that we now have more agency in our own lives. We have the freedom to follow our callings wherever they may lead. The problem is that traditionally masculine paths are still valued over traditionally feminine paths. The Feminist Movement has neglected to notice that, by promoting masculine behaviours in women, they are in fact upholding a patriarchal dismissal of the feminine.

Thriving in Femininity

Femininity is equally as valuable as masculinity. Both are essential for a healthy, balanced, supportive society. Some feminists have begun to recognise this, but there still needs to be a shift away from this ingrained undervaluing of femininity. Women don’t have to act like men to have worth. We all have our individual gifts and different strengths that mean we express our femininity through the lens of our own personality. Growing towards femininity does not make us all identical. Rather, it allows us each to thrive and bloom into the wonderful image of who God created us to be.

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What Are Femininity & Masculinity?

What are femininity and masculinity? I’ve been considering this question for quite some time now. I might not have the final answer, but I thought I’d share my thoughts.

Femininity and masculinity are different energies. They have associated qualities and attributes, yet are more of an intangible impression or atmosphere than a checklist of accomplishments. In a similar way to how some people give off a friendly, threatening, or fearful energy; other people exude a feminine or masculine presence. Femininity and masculinity are not about gender roles. They are more of an energy sensed in the way people choose to show up, whatever they are doing.

In our society feminine and masculine energies are often pitted against each other as opposites or as rivals. I don’t think that’s what they’re truly about. There’s a spectrum of femininity and masculinity, yet even at the far ends they’re complementary not opposite. They’re not so different as some people would have us believe. There’s more of a quality of yin and yang. Femininity and masculinity are partners working together, not enemies fighting for power.

Most women feel more at home in their femininity, and most men feel more authentic in their masculinity. These energies are not the same as gender, however in most cases they do have a natural alignment with it. Men and women are both human and more alike than they are different, yet there are clear differences too. So it is with femininity and masculinity. Femininity and masculinity each have a different emphasis and approach, rather than being of an entirely disparate core.

So what do I think femininity and masculinity individually are? Every person will express these energies through the coloured lens of their own personality as no one is identical, yet I’ve tried to boil each down to their simplest essence. Cut down to their most pithy summary, I think each can be expressed in just two words:

Femininity is strong gentleness. Masculinity is gentle strength.

I intend to further explore what each of those mean in additional blog articles, but for now I hope you find that some food for thought. Please feel free to share your ideas in the comments box below, as I’d be interested to hear your take on it. Have a wonderful day!

Why Etiquette?

While I’m working on the next blog article for our series on biblical women (next up is Sarah!), I’ve decided to kick off with a new series. Since the last bible study was of a rather dark story, I thought it might be nice to have some more lighthearted posts to mix it up a bit and continue with some of the other ideas I have for Feminine Finishing School. So let’s talk about etiquette!

History of Etiquette

The word ‘etiquette’ comes from the French étiquette, which meant a label or note. This is because signs were placed around the court of the French king Louis XIV at Versailles to remind his courtiers how they were expected to behave. These signs were known as étiquettes. The term was then borrowed by the Spanish royal court, who began using it to refer to the actual behaviour rather than just the signs it was written on. The French borrowed it back from Spain with this new meaning, and from France it was then adopted into English. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word ‘etiquette’ was first used in English in 1737. By the mid-eighteenth century, etiquette had become established as a word in the English language. With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, it then grew in importance as increased opportunities for social mobility became available to the public and people wanted to improve themselves.

Relevance of Etiquette Today

Etiquette is sometimes dismissed as a snobbish set of silly rules. Although some people may have degraded it to that, that is not its true nature. The purpose of etiquette is NOT to catch people out! It’s not about judging other people for their social faux pas, but about learning the correct behaviour to help put others at ease. True etiquette and good manners are about the spirit of intention behind them. They act as a social lubricant that can allow you to feel more confident in how to behave, so as to best communicate and interact with other people. Making the effort to act according to etiquette is a way to show respect and appreciation for those around you.

While the underlying spirit of good manners, respect, and kindness are universal, the more specific details of etiquette are culturally defined. As such, behaving with good etiquette is an implicit signal that you either belong to that culture or that you care enough to learn about it. By appearing gracious and graceful as a true lady (or gentleman), you allow bridges to be crossed between people and doors to be opened to new opportunities. Etiquette should be guided by the circumstance in which you find yourself, as it is dependant on the different cultures and levels of formality, however it’s wise to be prepared beforehand with a knowledge of the proper behaviours.

Often these are not things that most of us learn while growing up. Those who are in the know tend to take that knowledge for granted, so it can be difficult for us to learn ourselves. However, I hope that Feminine Finishing School can become a place to gather that information from the obscure corners it’s been hiding in. I have plans to write many blog articles on the overlooked details of etiquette, so I do hope that you will enjoy learning alongside me.

Women in Genesis

Later in this blog I want to look at what the differences are between masculinity and femininity, and about how we can live into our true femininity as twenty-first-century women. However, issues of gender have become so confused in our broken world that I’m very cautious of getting distracted by stereotypes rather than seeing the reality that lies beneath them. I think it’s important to ground our ideas in something. Since I’m a Christian, I want to make sure that I’m learning God’s definition of femininity, and the Bible is the best place to do this.

There are so many fascinating women in the Bible who express their femininity in vibrant, diverse, individual ways. They range from the gentle, trusting Mary who became the mother of Jesus, to the strong-minded, laughing Sarah who became the first matriarch of the Jewish people. From the glamorous, courageous Queen Esther who saved her people from genocide, to the bold judge Deborah who rescued her people through battle, and the humble yet daring Ruth who saw God at work in her everyday life. There’s Mary Magdalene who was among the first to see Jesus after he had risen from the dead, affluent businesswoman Lydia and church leader Phoebe who each furthered the spread of the gospel, and the faithful grandmother Lois who taught her children well. There’s Rehab who was a prostitute before she came to know God, anonymous midwives who conspired against the pharaoh to save the lives of persecuted Jewish babies, the singing prophetess Miriam, and Naomi who changed her name to Mara (meaning ‘bitter’) as a sign of mourning. And these are just a few of the many, many women to be found in the Bible.

There are too many women to look at in one go, so for now we’ll just be focusing on some of the most significant women in Genesis. Genesis is the first book in the Bible and its name means ‘beginnings’ as it sets the scene for what God’s plan is for humanity. Each blog post in this series will include Bible verse references so you can read along – and I’d encourage you to join in with this, even if you aren’t Christian, as there are some amazing stories. For those of you who may be unfamiliar with the Bible, the references take the form of ‘John 3:16’. This means the book of John (the Bible is a library of 66 books), chapter three, verse 16. These numbers will be printed in your Bible to make it easy to find – or you can easily find the Bible free online or in free Bible apps.

I’m excited for this series! I hope you will enjoy learning about these amazing biblical women too. Below I’ve included a list of all the women who are mentioned in Genesis, with those I plan to write a more detailed blog post on in bold.

List of Women in Genesis

  1. Eve
  2. Cain’s wife
  3. Adah (1)
  4. Zillah
  5. Naamah
  6. Daughters of Adam
  7. Daughters of Seth
  8. Daughters of Enos
  9. Daughters of Cainan
  10. Daughters of Mahalaleel
  11. Daughters of Jared
  12. Daughters of Enoch
  13. Daughters of Methuselah
  14. Daughters of Lamech
  15. Daughters of men
  16. Noah’s wife
  17. Noah’s sons’ wives
  18. Daughters of Shem
  19. Daughters of Arphaxad
  20. Daughters of Salah
  21. Daughters of Eber
  22. Daughters of Peleg
  23. Daughters of Reu
  24. Daughters of Serug
  25. Daughters of Nahor
  26. Sarai/Sarah
  27. Milcah
  28. Iscah
  29. Captive women
  30. Hagar
  31. Lot’s two daughters
  32. Lot’s wife
  33. Women servants from Abimelech
  34. Abimelech’s wife
  35. Abimelech’s maidservants
  36. Ishmael’s wife
  37. Rebekah
  38. Reumah
  39. Daughters of the Canaanites
  40. Abraham’s maidservants
  41. Rebekah’s nurse Deborah
  42. Rebekah’s damsels
  43. Keturah
  44. Abraham’s concubines
  45. Judith
  46. Bashemath (1)
  47. Daughters of Heth
  48. Mahalath
  49. Rachel
  50. Leah
  51. Zilpah
  52. Bilhah
  53. Dinah
  54. Daughters of the land of Shechem
  55. Adah (2)
  56. Aholibamah
  57. Anah
  58. Bashemath (2)
  59. Esau’s daughters
  60. Timna
  61. Mehetabel
  62. Matred
  63. Daughter of Shuah
  64. Tamar
  65. Tamar’s midwife
  66. Potiphar’s wife
  67. Asenath
  68. Jacob’s daughters
  69. Jacob’s sons’ daughters
  70. Jacob’s sons’ wives

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